Description
Figs (scientific name: Ficus carica Linn.) are plants of the Moraceae and Ficus genus. Deciduous shrubs or small trees; up to 10 meters high, multi-branched; bark gray-brown, with obvious lenticels; branchlets are thick, leaves alternate, thick paper, broad ovoid, 10-20 cm long and wide, palm-shaped with 3-5 lobes , Small lobes ovate, with irregular blunt teeth; petiole thick, 2-5 cm long; dioecious, male flowers and galls are co-grown on the inner wall of a banyan, male flowers are congregated orifices, female perianths are the same as male flowers, Style lateral; Ficus solitary leaf axils, pear-shaped, 3-5 cm in diameter, concave at the top, purple or yellow when ripe, basal bracts 3, ovoid, achene lenticular. Flower and fruit period from May to July.
Distributed along the Mediterranean coast, from Turkey to Afghanistan; China was introduced from Persia in the Tang Dynasty, cultivated in the north and south, especially in the south of Xinjiang. Figs do not have strict requirements on soil conditions. They can grow normally on typical gray loam, lime-rich desert sandy soil, humid subtropical acid red soil and alluvial clay loam; they are not cold-tolerant, and the temperature in winter can reach -12. The tops of the shoots begin to freeze at ℃; they like light; they have a strong root system and are more drought-tolerant.
Fresh young fruits and leaves have good curative effect on hemorrhoids; the fruits are sweet and edible or can be used as candied fruit, and can be used for medicinal purposes; they are also used for garden viewing.
